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Linux下Sublime的C/C++多文件程序Makefile+清理+执行配置

    不自己动手为Sublime配个C/C++的通用Makefile脚本吗？不能自动编译链接多文件的编辑器不是好IDE。

    首先我们需要了解几个事实：

    1.Sublime自带的C/C++编译+执行配置使用的是g++编译器，此外这套配置只针对单文件程序。如果要编译多文件，只能采用入口函数所在文件包含需要的源文件而非头文件的方式。比起我们熟悉的几种IDE，这显然无法令人接受。

    2.Linux下的C/C++程序员应该熟悉Makefile，Makefile可以算是一种脚本，执行关键字是一般是make，它可以设计多文件程序的编译+链接过程，生成.o文件和可执行文件。

    3.Sublime也有默认的Make配置，但是第一，Sublime没有提供通用的C/C++的Makefile脚本（自动组织而非每次手动重写），第二点是个小瑕疵，Sublime提供的Make配置只有编译、链接、清理功能，执行程序需要手动。

    之前重写红黑树最重要的副产品就是一个通用的C/C++的Makefile脚本。每次使用基本只需要改改输出的可执行文件名，或者干脆想个默认文件名以后都不改了，gcc/g++编译器的选择是自动的，当然也可以手动配置一些编译选项，这个自己看脚本注释就好。上干货：

#############################################################
# Generic Makefile for C/C++ Program
#
# License: GPL (General Public License)
# Author:  whyglinux <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>
# Date:    2006/03/04 (version 0.1)
#          2007/03/24 (version 0.2)
#          2007/04/09 (version 0.3)
#          2007/06/26 (version 0.4)
#          2008/04/05 (version 0.5)
#
# Description:
# ------------
# This is an easily customizable makefile template. The purpose is to
# provide an instant building environment for C/C++ programs.
#
# It searches all the C/C++ source files in the specified directories,
# makes dependencies, compiles and links to form an executable.
#
# Besides its default ability to build C/C++ programs which use only
# standard C/C++ libraries, you can customize the Makefile to build
# those using other libraries. Once done, without any changes you can
# then build programs using the same or less libraries, even if source
# files are renamed, added or removed. Therefore, it is particularly
# convenient to use it to build codes for experimental or study use.
#
# GNU make is expected to use the Makefile. Other versions of makes
# may or may not work.
#
# Usage:
# ------
# 1. Copy the Makefile to your program directory.
# 2. Customize in the "Customizable Section" only if necessary:
#    * to use non-standard C/C++ libraries, set pre-processor or compiler
#      options to <MY_CFLAGS> and linker ones to <MY_LIBS>
#      (See Makefile.gtk+-2.0 for an example)
#    * to search sources in more directories, set to <SRCDIRS>
#    * to specify your favorite program name, set to <PROGRAM>
# 3. Type make to start building your program.
#
# Make Target:
# ------------
# The Makefile provides the following targets to make:
#   $ make           compile and link
#   $ make NODEP=yes compile and link without generating dependencies
#   $ make objs      compile only (no linking)
#   $ make tags      create tags for Emacs editor
#   $ make ctags     create ctags for VI editor
#   $ make clean     clean objects and the executable file
#   $ make distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies
#   $ make help      get the usage of the makefile
#
#===========================================================================

## Customizable Section: adapt those variables to suit your program.
##==========================================================================

# The pre-processor and compiler options.
MY_CFLAGS =

# The linker options.
MY_LIBS   =

# The pre-processor options used by the cpp (man cpp for more).
# CPPFLAGS  = -Wall

# The options used in linking as well as in any direct use of ld.
LDFLAGS   =

# The directories in which source files reside.
# If not specified, only the current directory will be serached.
SRCDIRS   =

# The executable file name.
# If not specified, current directory name or `a.out' will be used.
PROGRAM   = test

## Implicit Section: change the following only when necessary.
##==========================================================================

# The source file types (headers excluded).
# .c indicates C source files, and others C++ ones.
SRCEXTS = .c .C .cc .cpp .CPP .c++ .cxx .cp

# The header file types.
HDREXTS = .h .H .hh .hpp .HPP .h++ .hxx .hp

# The pre-processor and compiler options.
# Users can override those variables from the command line.
# CFLAGS  = -g -O2
# CXXFLAGS= -g -O2

# The C program compiler.
# CC     = gcc

# The C++ program compiler.
#CXX    = g++

# Un-comment the following line to compile C programs as C++ ones.
#CC     = $(CXX)

# The command used to delete file.
#RM     = rm -f

ETAGS = etags
ETAGSFLAGS =

CTAGS = ctags
CTAGSFLAGS =

## Stable Section: usually no need to be changed. But you can add more.
##==========================================================================
SHELL   = /bin/sh
EMPTY   =
SPACE   = $(EMPTY) $(EMPTY)
ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)
  CUR_PATH_NAMES = $(subst /,$(SPACE),$(subst $(SPACE),_,$(CURDIR)))
  PROGRAM = $(word $(words $(CUR_PATH_NAMES)),$(CUR_PATH_NAMES))
  ifeq ($(PROGRAM),)
    PROGRAM = a.out
  endif
endif
ifeq ($(SRCDIRS),)
  SRCDIRS = .
endif
SOURCES = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(SRCEXTS))))
HEADERS = $(foreach d,$(SRCDIRS),$(wildcard $(addprefix $(d)/*,$(HDREXTS))))
SRC_CXX = $(filter-out %.c,$(SOURCES))
OBJS    = $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
DEPS    = $(OBJS:.o=.d)

## Define some useful variables.
DEP_OPT = $(shell if `$(CC) --version | grep "GCC" >/dev/null`; then \
                  echo "-MM -MP"; else echo "-M"; fi )
DEPEND      = $(CC)  $(DEP_OPT)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS)
DEPEND.d    = $(subst -g ,,$(DEPEND))
COMPILE.c   = $(CC)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) -c
COMPILE.cxx = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) -c
LINK.c      = $(CC)  $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS)   $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)
LINK.cxx    = $(CXX) $(MY_CFLAGS) $(CXXFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)

.PHONY: all objs tags ctags clean distclean help show

# Delete the default suffixes
.SUFFIXES:

all: $(PROGRAM)

# Rules for creating dependency files (.d).
#------------------------------------------

%.d:%.c
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

%.d:%.C
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

%.d:%.cc
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

%.d:%.cpp
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

%.d:%.CPP
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

%.d:%.c++
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

%.d:%.cp
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

%.d:%.cxx
    @echo -n $(dir $<) > $@
    @$(DEPEND.d) $< >> $@

# Rules for generating object files (.o).
#----------------------------------------
objs:$(OBJS)

%.o:%.c
    $(COMPILE.c) $< -o $@

%.o:%.C
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cc
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cpp
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.CPP
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.c++
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cp
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

%.o:%.cxx
    $(COMPILE.cxx) $< -o $@

# Rules for generating the tags.
#-------------------------------------
tags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
    $(ETAGS) $(ETAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

ctags: $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)
    $(CTAGS) $(CTAGSFLAGS) $(HEADERS) $(SOURCES)

# Rules for generating the executable.
#-------------------------------------
$(PROGRAM):$(OBJS)
ifeq ($(SRC_CXX),)              # C program
    $(LINK.c)   $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@
    @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
else                            # C++ program
    $(LINK.cxx) $(OBJS) $(MY_LIBS) -o $@
    @echo Type ./$@ to execute the program.
endif

ifndef NODEP
ifneq ($(DEPS),)
  sinclude $(DEPS)
endif
endif

clean:
    $(RM) $(OBJS) $(PROGRAM) $(PROGRAM).exe

distclean: clean
    $(RM) $(DEPS) TAGS

# Show help.
help:
    @echo 'Generic Makefile for C/C++ Programs (gcmakefile) version 0.5'
    @echo 'Copyright (C) 2007, 2008 whyglinux <whyglinux@hotmail.com>'
    @echo
    @echo 'Usage: make [TARGET]'
    @echo 'TARGETS:'
    @echo '  all       (=make) compile and link.'
    @echo '  NODEP=yes make without generating dependencies.'
    @echo '  objs      compile only (no linking).'
    @echo '  tags      create tags for Emacs editor.'
    @echo '  ctags     create ctags for VI editor.'
    @echo '  clean     clean objects and the executable file.'
    @echo '  distclean clean objects, the executable and dependencies.'
    @echo '  show      show variables (for debug use only).'
    @echo '  help      print this message.'
    @echo
    @echo 'Report bugs to <whyglinux AT gmail DOT com>.'

# Show variables (for debug use only.)
show:
    @echo 'PROGRAM     :' $(PROGRAM)
    @echo 'SRCDIRS     :' $(SRCDIRS)
    @echo 'HEADERS     :' $(HEADERS)
    @echo 'SOURCES     :' $(SOURCES)
    @echo 'SRC_CXX     :' $(SRC_CXX)
    @echo 'OBJS        :' $(OBJS)
    @echo 'DEPS        :' $(DEPS)
    @echo 'DEPEND      :' $(DEPEND)
    @echo 'COMPILE.c   :' $(COMPILE.c)
    @echo 'COMPILE.cxx :' $(COMPILE.cxx)
    @echo 'link.c      :' $(LINK.c)
    @echo 'link.cxx    :' $(LINK.cxx)

## End of the Makefile ##  Suggestions are welcome  ## All rights reserved ##
##############################################################

    感谢whyglinux大大！然后上Sublime的配置C C++ Multiple Files.sublime-build：

{
    "shell_cmd": "make",
    "file_regex": "^(..[^:\n]*):([0-9]+):?([0-9]+)?:? (.*)$",
    "working_dir": "${folder:${project_path:${file_path}}}",
    "selector": "source.c, source.cpp",
    "syntax": "Packages/Makefile/Make.build-language",
    "keyfiles": ["Makefile", "makefile"],

    "variants":
    [
        {
            "name": "Clean",
            "shell_cmd": "make clean"
        },
        {
            "name": "Run",
            "shell_cmd": "${file_path}/${file_base_name}"
        }
    ]
}

    你们大可以配成执行时自动弹出终端，这样还能交互。我为了解决Sublime里中文输入法的问题用了gtk2，但是gnome-terminal用的是gtk3，不兼容了。写写控制台程序也不用那么多交互，懒得折腾了，你们随意。

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